Currencies of the World

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Commonwealth of Independent States. Eight of the nine CIS member states participate in the. At present Armenia, Moldova and Ukraine have the status of the observer under EAEC.

To this end, the CIS secretariat as well as the Russian envoy to the CIS consider that Ukraine is still a state that that has not quit the CIS and may participate in it, while the Russian ministry of foreign affairs seems to take a more realistic stance and acknowledge that Ukraine has practically left the CIS. Retrieved 10 October 2014. It was worth noting Ukraine was allowed to participate in the CIS, without even applying provisionally its Charter, which defines membership and other crucial issues regarding this organisation. The CIS came into being December 1991.

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The Commonwealth of Independent States CIS; : Содружество Независимых Государств, СНГ, Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv, SNG , also sometimes called the Russian Commonwealth in order to distinguish it from the , is a of 10 in formed following the. It has an area of 20,368,759 km² 8,097,484 sq mi and has an estimated population of 239,796,010. The CIS encourages cooperation over economical, political and military aspects and has certain powers possessing coordinating in trade, finance, lawmaking and security. It has also promoted cooperation on cross-border crime prevention. Commonwealth of Independent States CIS a De facto use across the CIS The CIS has it origins in the USSR , which was established by the 1922 and by the , and. When the USSR in 1991, the founding republics signed the on 8 December 1991, declaring the and proclaimed the CIS in its place. A few days later the was signed, which declared that Soviet Union was dissolved and that the was to be its. The , and , which regard their membership in the Soviet Union as an illegal occupation, chose not to participate. Eight of the nine CIS member states participate in the. Three organizations are under the overview of the CIS, namely the , the alongside subdivisions, the and the , which comprises territory inhabited by over 180 million people ; and the. While the first and the second are military and economic alliances, the third aims to reach a of and with a common government, flag, currency and so on. The CIS announced that the new organisation would be open to all republics of the former Soviet Union, and to other nations sharing the same goals. The CIS charter stated that all the members were sovereign and independent nations and thereby effectively abolished the Soviet Union. On 21 December 1991, the leaders of eight additional former Soviet Republics , , , , , , and signed the which can either be interpreted as expanding the CIS to these states or the proper foundation or refoundation date of the CIS, thus bringing the number of participating countries to 11. At this point, 12 of the 15 former Soviet Republics participated in the CIS. The three did not, reflecting their governments' and people's view that the of their territory was illegitimate in 2004 they joined and the. The CIS and Soviet Union also legally co-existed briefly with each other until 26 December 1991, when Soviet President Gorbachev stepped down, officially. This was followed by Ivan Korotchenya becoming Executive Secretary of the CIS on the same day. After the end of the dissolution process of the Soviet Union, Russia and the Central Asian republics were weakened economically and faced declines in. The process of Eurasian integration began immediately after the break-up of the Soviet Union to salvage economic ties with Post-Soviet republics. CIS Charter 1993 to present The 20—22 June 2000 CIS Summit On 22 January 1993, the Charter Statutes of the CIS were signed, setting up the different institutions of the CIS, their functions, the rules and statutes of the CIS. The Charter also defined that all countries having ratified the Agreement on the Establishment of the CIS and its relevant Alma-Ata Protocol would be considered as founding states of the CIS, as well as that only countries ratifying this Charter would be considered as member states of the CIS art. All the founding states, apart from Ukraine and Turkmenistan, ratified the Charter of the CIS and became member states of it. Nevertheless, Ukraine and Turkmenistan kept participating in the CIS, without being member states of it. Ukraine became an associate member of the CIS Economic Union in April 1994, and Turkmenistan became an associate member of the CIS in August 2005. Georgia left the CIS altogether in 2009 and Ukraine stopped participating in 2018. Between 2003 and 2005, three CIS member states experienced a change of government in a series of : was overthrown in Georgia; was elected in Ukraine; and was toppled in Kyrgyzstan. In March 2007, , the secretary of the Russian Security Council, expressed his doubts concerning the usefulness of the CIS, emphasising that the was becoming a more competent organisation to unify the largest countries of the CIS. Following the withdrawal of Georgia, the presidents of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan skipped the October 2009 meeting of the CIS, each having their own issues and disagreements with the Russian Federation. The Council of Foreign Ministers met in , Tajikistan on 11 April, 2003 to discuss the and consider a draft program for the fight against terrorism and extremism, with the particularly the need for an international role in post-war Iraq, was further addressed at the May summit in. In May 2009, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine joined the , a project which was initiated by the EU. There are nine full of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The Creation Agreement remained the main constituent document of the CIS until January 1993, when the CIS Charter : Устав, Ustav was adopted. The charter formalised the concept of membership: a member country is defined as a country that ratifies the CIS Charter sec. Turkmenistan has not ratified the Charter and therefore is not formally a member of the CIS. Nevertheless, it has been consistently invited to participate and has consistently participated in the CIS, as if it were a member state. Turkmenistan changed its CIS standing to Associate Member as of 26 August 2005 in order to be consistent with its UN-recognised international neutrality status. Although Ukraine was one of the founding countries and ratified the Creation Agreement in December 1991, Ukraine chose not to ratify the CIS Charter as it disagrees with Russia being the only legal to the Soviet Union. Thus it does not regard itself as a member of the CIS, and according to the aforementioned Charter of the CIS was indeed not a member, as it never ratified the aforementioned charter. Nevertheless, Ukraine kept being allowed to participate in the CIS, although not being formally a member. In 1994, Ukraine became an Associate Member of the CIS. On 14 March 2014, a bill was introduced to Ukraine's parliament to denounce their ratification of the 1991 Agreement Establishing the CIS, following the and , but was never approved. Following the , a new bill to denounce the CIS agreement was introduced. Since that month, Ukraine has had no representatives in the CIS Executive Committee building. In April 2018, Ukrainian President indicated that Ukraine would formally leave the CIS. On 19 May 2018, President Poroshenko signed a decree formally ending Ukraine's participation in CIS statutory bodies. However, as of 1 June the CIS secretariat had not received formal notice from Ukraine of its withdrawal from the CIS. As Ukraine was not formally a member, it did not need to withdraw formally, in any other way apart from ceasing to participate. However, Ukraine may still be technically a part of the CIS, as the , i. This series of treaties and declarations also define that the Soviet Union ceases to exist and the former Soviet Union states participating in these treaties take over the Soviet Union's legal obligations. To this end, the CIS secretariat as well as the Russian envoy to the CIS consider that Ukraine is still a state that that has not quit the CIS and may participate in it, while the Russian ministry of foreign affairs seems to take a more realistic stance and acknowledge that Ukraine has practically left the CIS. Ukraine had mostly ceased to participate in the CIS, from 2014, after being invaded by Russia, but on 19 May 2018, it passed a degree to officially stop participating at all. Nevertheless, the CIS secretariat stated that they will keep inviting Ukraine to participate, even though Ukraine is not a member and has officially and formally decided to stop participating. Ukraine has further stated that it intends to review its participation in all CIS agreements, and only continue in those that are in its interests. It was worth noting Ukraine was allowed to participate in the CIS, without even applying provisionally its Charter, which defines membership and other crucial issues regarding this organisation. In light of Russia's support for the independence of breakaway regions within Moldova, Georgia, and Ukraine, as well as its violation of the Istanbul Agreement see , legislative initiatives to denounce the agreement on the creation of CIS were tabled in Moldova's parliament on 25 March 2014, though they were not approved. A similar bill was proposed in January 2018. These states, while not being formal members of the CIS, were allowed to participate in CIS. They were also allowed to participate in various CIS initiatives, e. Additionally, Ukraine became an associate member state of the CIS Economic Union in 1994 and Turkmenistan an associate member state of the CIS in 2005. Has not been a member, according to the Charter. Was not an official member, according to the Charter. Became an associate member of the CIS Economic Union in 1994. Withdrew from CIS as a result of the and Russia's involvement in the As Ukraine was not a member, it did not need to withdraw formally, in any other way apart from ceasing to participate. Ukraine had mostly ceased to participate in CIS since 2014, after the pro-Russian unrest in the eastern part of the country, but on 19 May 2018, it passed a decree to officially stop participating at all. Ukraine may technically still be a part of CIS, according to the Agreement on the formation of CIS, its Protocol and the other relevant Alma-Ata declarations, but it has no obligation to it, as it is not a member of CIS. Meeting of CIS leaders in , 2008 The was established in 27 March 1992 in. On 26 May 1995 CIS leaders signed the eventually ratified by nine parliaments. Under the terms of the Convention, the IPA was invested with international legitimacy and is housed in the in and acts as the consultative parliamentary wing of the CIS created to discuss problems of parliamentary cooperation and reviews draft documents of common interest and passes model laws to the national legislatures in the CIS as well as recommendations for their use in the preparation of new laws and amendments to existing legislation too which have been adopted by more than 130 documents that ensure the convergence of laws in the CIS to the national legislation. The Assembly is actively involved in the development of integration processes in the CIS and also sends observers to the national elections. The Assembly held its 32nd Plenary meeting in on 14 May 2009. Since its inception, one of the primary goals of the CIS has been to provide a forum for discussing issues related to the social and economic development of the newly independent states. To achieve this goal member states have agreed to promote and protect human rights. Initially, efforts to achieve this goal consisted merely of statements of good will, but on 26 May 1995, the CIS adopted a Commonwealth of Independent States Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Even before the 1995 human rights , the Charter of the CIS that was adopted in 1991 created, in article 33, a Human Rights Commission sitting in Minsk, Belarus. This was confirmed by decision of the Council of Heads of States of the CIS in 1993. In 1995, the CIS adopted a human rights treaty that includes civil and political as well as social and economic human rights. This treaty entered into force in 1998. The CIS treaty is modeled on the , but lacking the strong implementation mechanisms of the latter. In the CIS treaty, the Human Rights Commission has very vaguely defined authority. The Statute of the Human Rights Commission, however, also adopted by the CIS Member States as a decision, gives the Commission the right to receive inter-state as well as individual communications. CIS members, especially in , continue to have among the world's poorest human rights records. Many activists point examples such as the 2005 in Uzbekistan to show that there has been almost no improvement in human rights since the collapse of the Soviet Union in Central Asia. The consolidation of power by President has resulted in a steady decline in the modest progress of previous years in Russia. The Commonwealth of Independent States continues to face serious challenges in meeting even basic international standards. The members of the council meeting in Moscow in 2017 The CIS Charter establishes the Council of Ministers of Defense, which is vested with the task of coordinating military cooperation of the CIS member states. To this end, the Council develops conceptual approaches to the questions of military and defense policy of the CIS member states; develops proposals aimed to prevent armed conflicts on the territory of the member states or with their participation; gives expert opinions on draft treaties and agreements related to the questions of defense and military developments; issues related suggestions and proposals to the attention of the CIS Council of the Heads of State. Also important is the Council's work on approximation of the legal acts in the area of defense and military development. Over the years, the military personnel of the grew twofold along the western, European border of the CIS, and by 1. When became Russian Defence Minister on 7 May 1992, , was appointed as Commander-in-Chief of the CIS Armed Forces, and his staff were ejected from the MOD and buildings and given offices in the former Headquarters at 41 on the northern outskirts of Moscow. Shaposhnikov resigned in June 1993. In December 1993, the CIS Armed Forces Headquarters was abolished. The chiefs of the CIS general staffs have spoken in favor of integrating their national armed forces. Main article: In 1994, negotiations were initiated between the CIS countries on FTA , but no agreement was signed. A proposed free trade agreement would have covered all twelve then CIS members except Turkmenistan. In 2009, a new agreement was begun to create a FTA, the CIS Free Trade Agreement CISFTA. In October 2011, the new free trade agreement was signed by eight of the eleven CIS prime ministers; Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, and Ukraine at a meeting in St. Initially, the treaty was only ratified by Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine, however by the end of 2012, Kazakhstan, Armenia, and Moldova had also completed ratification. In December 2013, Uzbekistan, signed and then ratified the treaty, while the remaining two signatories, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan later both ratified the treaty in January 2014 and December 2015 respectively. The free trade agreement eliminates export and import duties on a number of goods but also contains a number of exemptions that will ultimately be phased out. An agreement was also signed on the basic principles of currency regulation and currency controls in the CIS at the same October 2011 meeting. Corruption and bureaucracy are serious problems for trade in CIS countries. Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev proposed that CIS members take up a digitization agenda to modernize CIS economies. Common Economic Space After discussion about the creation of a between the Commonwealth of Independent States CIS countries of Russia, , , and , agreement in principle about the creation of this space was announced after a meeting in the Moscow suburb of on 23 February 2003. The Common Economic Space would involve a commission on trade and that would be based in , would initially be headed by a representative of , and would not be subordinate to the governments of the four nations. The ultimate goal would be a regional organisation that would be open for other countries to join as well, and could eventually lead even to a single currency. On 22 May 2003, the the Ukrainian Parliament voted 266 votes in favour and 51 against the joint economic space. However, most believe that 's victory in the was a significant blow against the project: Yushchenko has shown renewed interest in Ukrainian membership in the European Union and such membership would be incompatible with the envisioned common economic space. Ukraine is a WTO member. A was thus created in 2010, with a envisioned for 2012. Economic data Country Population 2016 GDP 2007 USD GDP 2012 USD GDP growth 2012 GDP per capita 2007 GDP per capita 2012 9,480,042 45,275,738,770 58,215,000,000 4. The organisation continued in 1994 as the Central Asian Economic Union CAEU , in which Tajikistan and Turkmenistan did not participate. In 1998 it became the Central Asian Economic Cooperation CAEC , which marked the return of Tajikistan. On 28 February 2002 it was renamed to its current name. Russia joined on 28 May 2004. On 7 October 2005 it was decided between the member states that Uzbekistan will join the Eurasian Economic Community and that the organisations will merge. The organisations joined on 25 January 2006. It is not clear what will happen to the status of current CACO observers that are not observers to EurAsEC and. Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations Controversial election observation body The CIS-Election Monitoring Organisation : Миссия наблюдателей от СНГ на выборах is an body that was formed in October 2002, following a Commonwealth of Independent States heads of states meeting which adopted the Convention on the Standards of Democratic Elections, Electoral Rights, and Freedoms in the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The CIS-EMO has been sending election observers to member countries of the CIS since this time; they approved many elections which have been heavily criticised by independent observers. This was the first time ever that the CIS observation teams challenged the validity of an election, saying that it should be considered illegitimate. On 15 March 2005, the quoted Dmytro Svystkov a spokesman of the Ukrainian Foreign Ministry that Ukraine has suspended its participation in the CIS election monitoring organisation. Many dozens such observers from Belarus and Russia were stopped from reaching Moldova. In contrast the OSCE reported that the elections fell short of international standards in many areas. Russian language status Russia has been urging that the receive official status in all of the CIS member states. So far Russian is an official language in only four of these states: Russia, , , and. Russian is also considered an official language in the region of , and the autonomous region of in. However, the Western-supported candidate , the winner, did not do so. Sports events At the time of the Soviet Union's dissolution in December 1991, had been invited to or qualified for various 1992 sports events. A joint CIS team took its place in some of these. A played some friendlies in January 1992 and made its last appearance at the 1992 , where it also played against the new. The for 1991—1992 was rebranded as a CIS championship. Since then, CIS members have each competed separately in international sport. In 2017 a festival for national sports and games, Фестиваль национальных видов спорта и игр государств — участников Содружества Независимых Государств, was held in. The main sports were , , , , , , , , and. A few demonstration sports were also a part of the programme. Including the of each member state, the total area is 28 509 317 km². Retrieved 7 July 2014. Uneasy Alliance: Relations Between Russia and Kazakhstan in the Post-Soviet Era, 1992—1997. Greenwood Press, 1999, p. Retrieved 7 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014. Commonwealth of Independent States. Retrieved 10 October 2014. Archived from on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013. Archived from PDF on 17 May 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2018. Archived from PDF on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2013. Archived from on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013. Archived from on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2013.

Withdrew from CIS as a result of the and Russia's involvement in the As Ukraine was not a member, it did not need to withdraw con, in any other way apart from ceasing to participate. On 21 December 1991, the leaders of eight additional former Soviet Republics,, and signed the which can either be interpreted as expanding the CIS to these states or the proper foundation or refoundation limbo of the CIS, thus bringing the number of participating countries to 11. In 1994, Ukraine became an Associate Member of the CIS. Common Economic Space After discussion about the creation of a between the Commonwealth of Independent States CIS countries of Russia, andagreement in principle about the ring of this space was announced after a meeting in the Moscow suburb of on 23 February 2003. I would like to switch back to Asia server but I don't know where is the CIS offical website located. Became an associate member of the CIS Economic Union in 1994. A met free trade agreement would have covered all twelve then CIS members except Turkmenistan. Integration of the countries in the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States is executed through its coordinating institutions charter bodies, executive bodies and the bodies of branch cooperation of the CIS.